Comparison of the MLA and the APA Writing Formats Essay

Comparison of the MLA and the APA Writing Formats - Essay Example Several writing formats have been created to organize documents that have used other sources for research. Two popular formats are the Modern Language Association (MLA) and the American Psychological Association (APA). The Modern Language Association was founded in 1833 as an advocacy organization for the study of literature and modern language. Its seat of origin is at the John Hopkins University (Georgia Southern University, n.d.). MLA is the format recommended for use in writings in the humanities (philosophy, history, literature and communication) (University of Massachussets Libraries, 1999). It is the writing format used by newsletter reporters, journalists, literature teachers, teachers in Linguistics and researchers in the fields of Mass Communicaiton and Media Studies (Georgia Southern State University, n.d.). On the other hand, The American Psychological Association was founded in 1892 in Clark University in Worchester, Massachusetts by 26 men. The university president at t hat time was G. Stanley Hall, a psychologist (Georgia Southern State University, n.d.). The association has endorsed a documentation style designed for many social science and related documents (Anthropology, Education, Liguistics, Political Science, Psychology and Sociology). It is used for writing medical reports, psychology papers, and researchers in the fields of Science, Criminal Justice and Economics, among others. Aside from the citation of sources, writing formats also have instructions for writing end-of-text references, headings, etc. This essay will focus on the writing of in-text citations. General Rules: Generally, in-text citations follow sentences of ideas that come from another source, enclosed in parenthesis. For APA, the author’s last name and the year of publication are indicated. For example: Dawson (2009) contends that people are motivated when they enjoy their work and have the strong drive to achieve the goals they set for themselves. It can also be wri tten in another way: People are motivated when they enjoy their work and have the strong drive to achieve the goals they set for themselves (Dawson, 2009). The general idea of this sentence was taken from a source authored by Dawson (his last name) which was published in 2009. The idea was paraphrased but the idea remains the same. Readers who want to read more about the original writings of Dawson from its source may check out the Reference list at the end of the document where the details of Dawson’s book or article is provided. In case a sentence or two was taken word for word from the source and written in the document, these should be within quotation marks followed by the a parenthetical in-text citation that includes the page number where it was taken. For example: â€Å"When workers are well-motivated, they become more productive and this translates to better business† (Dawson,2009, p. 13). Another way to write this is as follows: Dawson claims that â€Å"when workers are well-motivated, they become more productive and this translates to better business† (2009, p. 13). The author’s name is only written once in the sentence to avoid being redundant. The quoted sentence was taken from page 13 of Dawson’s book or article. Notice that the in-text-citation is outside the quotations but the punctuation comes after the close parenthesis of the citation. Similarly, for MLA, in-text citation

Academic Pressures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Academic Pressures - Essay Example Stress could begin at very early childhood years and continues into later years depending upon the life’s situations. Psychologists as well as academic professionals have identified that many students undergo immense stress even during schooling, which intensifies as the challenges increase with academic advancement. More often, teenagers and/or adolescents in high school and early college years are most prone to academic pressures because of the rapid shift in their curricula, studying atmosphere, competition as well as biological changes in the growth process. Academic pressures begin with stress caused by parental expectations, peer pressure, competition, strict timelines, difficult curricula etc. These factors are meant to induce learning, inculcate discipline and help students achieve their academic curricula within set timelines. On the other hand, all these or each of these stressors significantly impact students’ memory and thinking ability. As Hales stated, â⠂¬Ëœbecause of stress’s impact on memory, students with advanced skills may perform worse under exam pressure than their less skilled peers’ (63). In general, academic pressures tend to crush the inherent abilities of teenage students.